Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ry’imikoreshereze y’abantu, igipimo cy’abakoresha ikawa yo mu gihugu cyarenze miliyoni 300, kandi isoko ry’ikawa mu Bushinwa ryiyongera cyane. Nk’uko biteganijwe mu nganda, mu mwaka wa 2024, inganda z’ikawa mu Bushinwa ziziyongera kugera kuri miliyari 313.3 z'amayero, aho izamuka ryiyongereye rya 17.14% mu myaka itatu ishize. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry’ikawa mu Bushinwa yashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ikawa (ICO) yanagaragaje ejo hazaza heza h’inganda z’ikawa mu Bushinwa.
Ikawa igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha: ikawa ihita hamwe nikawa ikozwe vuba. Kugeza ubu, ikawa ihita hamwe n'ikawa ikozwe vuba bingana na 60% by'isoko rya kawa y'Ubushinwa, naho ikawa ikozwe vuba igera kuri 40%. Bitewe no gucengera umuco wa kawa no kuzamura urwego rwinjiza rwabantu, abantu bakurikirana ubuzima bwiza kandi bakita cyane kubwiza nuburyohe bwa kawa. Igipimo cy’isoko rya kawa gishya kimaze kwiyongera cyane, cyateje imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibishyimbo bya kawa nziza kandi bikenerwa n’ubucuruzi butumizwa mu mahanga.
1. Umusaruro wikawa kwisi yose
Mu myaka yashize, umusaruro wa kawa ku isi wakomeje kwiyongera. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi (FAO) rivuga ko umusaruro wa kawa ku isi uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 10.891 mu 2022, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 2.7%. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye rya Kawa ICO rivuga ko umusaruro wa kawa ku isi mu gihembwe cya 2022-2023 uziyongera ku gipimo cya 0.1% umwaka ushize ugere ku mifuka miliyoni 168, uhwanye na toni miliyoni 10.092; biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa kawa yose mugihe cya 2023-2024 uziyongera 5.8% kugeza kumifuka miliyoni 178, bihwanye na toni miliyoni 10.68.
Ikawa ni igihingwa gishyuha, kandi agace kayo ko gutera ku isi gakwirakwizwa cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo, Afurika na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba. Imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi y’umuryango w’abibumbye, ubuso rusange bwo guhinga ikawa ku isi mu 2022 ni hegitari miliyoni 12.239, umwaka ushize ugabanukaho 3,2%. Ubwoko bwa kawa ku isi burashobora kugabanywa muri kawa ya Arabica hamwe nikawa ya Robusta. Ubwoko bubiri bwibishyimbo bya kawa bifite uburyohe bwihariye kandi bukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Ku bijyanye n’umusaruro, mu 2022-2023, ku isi hose umusaruro wa kawa ya Arabica uzaba imifuka miliyoni 9.4 (hafi toni miliyoni 5.64), umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 1.8%, bingana na 56% by’ikawa yose; umusaruro wose wa kawa ya Robusta uzaba imifuka miliyoni 7.42 (hafi toni miliyoni 4.45), umwaka ushize ugabanukaho 2%, bingana na 44% byumusaruro rusange wa kawa.
Mu 2022, hazaba ibihugu 16 bifite umusaruro wa kawa urenga toni 100.000, bingana na 91.9% by’umusaruro w’ikawa ku isi. Muri byo, ibihugu 7 byo muri Amerika y'Epfo (Burezili, Kolombiya, Peru, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico na Nikaragwa) bingana na 47.14% by'umusaruro ku isi; Ibihugu 5 byo muri Aziya (Vietnam, Indoneziya, Ubuhinde, Laos n'Ubushinwa) bingana na 31.2% by'umusaruro w'ikawa ku isi; Ibihugu 4 byo muri Afurika (Etiyopiya, Uganda, Repubulika ya Centrafrique na Gineya) bingana na 13.5% by’umusaruro w’ikawa ku isi.
2. Ubushinwa bukora ikawa y'ibishyimbo
Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi rivuga ko mu 2022 umusaruro w’ibishyimbo by’ikawa mu Bushinwa uzaba toni 109.000, hamwe n’imyaka 10 y’ubwiyongere bw’ubwiyongere bwa 1,2%, bingana na 1% by’umusaruro rusange ku isi, biza ku mwanya wa 15 ku isi. Dukurikije ibigereranyo byakozwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ikawa ICO, ubuso bw’ikawa mu Bushinwa burenga hegitari 80.000, buri mwaka umusaruro w’imifuka irenga miliyoni 2.42. Ahantu h’umusaruro wibanze mu Ntara ya Yunnan, bingana na 95% by’umusaruro rusange w’Ubushinwa. 5% isigaye ituruka muri Hainan, Fujian na Sichuan.
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’iterambere ry’icyaro mu ntara ya Yunnan, mu 2022, agace kahingamo kawa muri Yunnan kazagera kuri miliyoni 1,3 mu, naho umusaruro w’ibishyimbo uzaba hafi toni 110.000. Mu 2021, umusaruro w’inganda zose z’ikawa muri Yunnan wari miliyari 31.67, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 1,7%, muri yo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ukaba wari miliyari 2,64, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa watunganijwe wari miliyari 17.36, naho ibicuruzwa byinshi hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byiyongereyeho miliyari 11.67.
3. Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no gukoresha ibishyimbo bya kawa
Dukurikije ibiteganijwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO), mu mwaka wa 2022 ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi hose bizaba toni miliyoni 7.821, umwaka ushize ukagabanuka 0.36%; kandi nk'uko biteganijwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye Ushinzwe Ikawa (WCO), ibicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibishyimbo bya kawa mu 2023 bizagabanuka bigere kuri toni miliyoni 7.7.
Ku bijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Burezili n’igihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa bya kawa icyatsi ku isi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi rivuga ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu 2022 byari toni miliyoni 2.132, bingana na 27.3% by'ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi (kimwe hepfo); Vietnam iza ku mwanya wa kabiri hamwe na toni miliyoni 1.314 zoherezwa mu mahanga, zingana na 16.8%; Kolombiya iza ku mwanya wa gatatu hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na toni 630.000, bingana na 8.1%. Mu 2022, Ubushinwa bwohereje toni 45.000 z'ibishyimbo by'ikawa bibisi, biza ku mwanya wa 22 mu bihugu n'uturere ku isi. Dukurikije imibare ya gasutamo y'Ubushinwa, Ubushinwa bwohereje toni 16,000 z'ibishyimbo bya kawa mu 2023, byagabanutseho 62.2% kuva mu 2022; Ubushinwa bwohereje toni 23.000 z'ikawa y'ibishyimbo kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena 2024, bikiyongeraho 133.3% mu gihe kimwe cyo mu 2023.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2025
